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中华人民共和国工会法
The Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China
１９９２年４月３日第七届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过
(Adopted 3 April 1992 at the 5th Session of the 7th National People's Congress.)
第一条 为保障工会在国家政治、经济和社会生活中的地位，确定工会的权利与义务，发挥工会在社会主义现代化建设事业中的作用，根据宪法，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution in order to protect the position of trade unions in State political, economic and social life, to clarify the rights and obligations of trade unions and to enable them to play their proper role in the development of China's socialist modernization.
第二条 工会是职工自愿结合的工人阶级的群众组织。
Article 2 Trade unions are mass organizations formed by the working classes of their own free will.
第三条 在中国境内的企业、事业单位、机关中以工资收入为主要生活来源的体力劳动者和脑力劳动者，不分民族、种族、性别、职业、宗教信仰、教育程度，都有依法参加和组织工会的权利。
Article 3 All workers doing physical or mental work in enterprises, public institutions and government organs within Chinese territory who earn their living primarily from wages shall have the right to participate in and form trade union organizations pursuant to the law, regardless of their nationality, race, sex, occupation, religious beliefs or level of education.
第四条 工会必须遵守和维护宪法，以宪法为根本的活动准则，依照工会章程独立自主地开展工作。
Article 4 Trade unions must abide by and safeguard the Constitution and use the Constitution as the standard for their basic activities. Trade union work shall be carried out independently and voluntarily in accordance with the Constitution of Trade Unions.
工会会员全国代表大会制定或者修改《中国工会章程》，章程不得与宪法和法律相抵触。
The trade union members national representative assembly shall formulate or amend the Constitution of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, which shall be prohibited from conflicting in any way with China's Constitution and laws.
国家保护工会的合法权益不受侵犯。
The State shall protect the legal rights and interests of trade unions and any infringement of these rights and interests shall be prohibited.
第五条 工会组织和教育职工依照宪法和法律的规定行使民主权利，发挥国家主人翁的作用，通过各种途径和形式，参与管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务；协助人民政府开展工作，维护工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家政权。
Article 5 Trade unions shall organize and educate workers to exercise their democratic rights pursuant to the provisions of China's Constitution and laws, give full play to the nation's role as master, participate through various channels and formats in the management of national affairs, economic and cultural institutions and social matters, assist the people's governments to develop work opportunities, uphold the leadership or the working classes and support the worker-peasant alliance which forms the basis of the people's democratic dictatorship of socialist state power.
第六条 工会在维护全国人民总体利益的同时，维护职工的合法权益。
Article 6 While upholding the overall rights and interests of the whole nation, trade unions shall, at the same time, safeguard the rights and interests of workers.
工会必须密切联系职工，听取和反映职工的意见和要求，关心职工的生活，帮助职工解决困难，全心全意为职工服务。
A trade union must liaise closely with workers, listen to and reflect their views and requirements, care for their livelihood, assist them in overcoming difficulties and serve them wholeheartedly.
第七条 全民所有制和集体所有制企业事业单位的工会，组织职工依照法律规定参加本单位的民主管理和民主监督。
Article 7 The trade union of an enterprise or public institution owned by the whole people or a collectively owned enterprise or public institution shall organize its workers to participate in the said unit's democratic management and democratic supervision pursuant to the provisions of the law.
第八条 工会动员和教育职工以主人翁态度对待劳动，爱护国家和企业的财产，遵守劳动纪律，发动和组织职工努力完成生产任务和工作任务。
Article 8 A trade union shall mobilize and educate workers to approach work with the attitude of being the master, to care for State and enterprise property and observe labour discipline and shall urge and organize workers to conscientiously complete production and work assignments.
工会组织职工开展社会主义劳动竞赛，开展群众性的合理化建议、技术革新和技术协作的活动，提高劳动生产率和经济效益，发展社会生产力。
A trade union shall organize workers to launch socialist labour emulation campaigns, develop mass rationalization proposals, technological reform and technological cooperation activities, improve work productivity rates and economic performances and develop society's productive forces.
第九条 工会对职工进行爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义教育，民主、法制、纪律教育，以及科学、文化、技术教育，提高职工的思想、道德和科学、文化、技术、业务素质，使职工成为有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的劳动者。
Article 9 A trade union shall educate workers in matters of patriotism, collectivism and socialism, democracy, legality and discipline and science, culture and technology, raise the ideological thoughts, ethics and scientific, cultural, technological and professional qualities of workers and enable them to become labourers with ideals, ethics, education and discipline.
第十条 中华全国总工会根据独立、平等、互相尊重、互不干涉内部事务的原则，加强同各国工会组织的友好合作关系。
Article 10 The All-China Federation of Trade Unions shall, in accordance with the principles of independence, equality, mutual respect and mutual non-interference in internal affairs, improve the relations of friendly cooperation held with the trade union organizations of various other nations.
第二章 工会组织
CHAPTER II TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS
第十一条 工会各级组织按照民主集中制原则建立。
Article 11 Trade union organizations at the various levels shall be established in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism.
各级工会委员会由会员大会或者会员代表大会民主选举产生。
Trade union committees at the various levels shall be elected by their general assemblies or representative assemblies.
各级工会委员会向同级会员大会或者会员代表大会负责并报告工作，接受其监督。
Trade union committees at the various levels shall be responsible to and shall submit work reports to general assemblies or representative assemblies at their respective levels and shall be subject to their supervision.
工会会员大会或者会员代表大会有权撤换或者罢免其所选举的代表或者工会委员会组成人员。
Trade union general assemblies and representative assemblies shall have the right to change or dismiss their elected representatives or committee members.
上级工会组织领导下级工会组织。
Higher level trade union organizations shall provide leadership to lower level trade union organizations.
第十二条 企业、事业单位、机关有会员二十五人以上的，可以建立基层工会委员会；会员不足二十五人的，选举组织员一人，组织会员开展活动。
Article 12 The trade union of an enterprise, public institution or government organ with 25 or more members may establish a primary trade union committee. If members number less than 25, one organizer may be elected to organize activities for members.
县级以上地方建立地方各级总工会。
A locality at county level or above shall establish a local all-level federation of trade unions.
同一行业或者性质相近的几个行业，可以根据需要建立全国的或者地方的产业工会。
Several enterprises operating in the same industry or in industries of a similar nature may establish a national or local specific industry trade union, depending on their requirements.
全国建立统一的中华全国总工会。
The All-China Federation of Trade Unions shall operate uniformly at a national level.
第十三条 基层工会、地方各级总工会、全国或者地方产业工会组织的建立，必须报上一级工会批准。
Article 13 The establishment of a primary trade union, local all-level federation of trade unions or a national or local specific industry trade union must be reported to the trade union organization at the next highest level for approval.
基层工会组织所在的企业终止或者所在的事业单位、机关被撤销，该工会组织相应撤销。
If a primary trade union organization's enterprise terminates its operations or its public institution or administrative organ is abolished, the said trade union organization shall also be abolished.
第十四条 中华全国总工会、地方总工会、产业工会具有社会团体法人资格。
Article 14 The All-China Federation of Trade Unions, local all-level federations of trade unions and specific industry trade unions shall have the legal person status of a social group.
基层工会组织具备民法通则规定的法人条件的，依法取得社会团体法人资格。
Primary trade union organizations complying with the legal person requirements stipulated by the general Principles of Civil Law shall be awarded the legal person status of a social group pursuant to the law.
第十五条 工会主席、副主席任期未满时，不得随意调动其工作。因工作需要调动时，应当征得本级工会委员会和上一级工会的同意。
Article 15 During their terms of office, a trade union chairman and deputy chairman shall be prohibited from arbitrarily transferring to other positions. If work requirements necessitate such a move, approval shall be obtained from the respective level trade union committee and higher level trade union.
第三章 工会的权利和义务
CHAPTER III RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF A TRADE UNION
第十六条 全民所有制和集体所有制企业事业单位违反职工代表大会制度和其他民主管理制度，工会有权提出意见，保障职工依法行使民主管理的权利。
Article 16 If an enterprise or public institution owned by the whole people or a collectively owned enterprise or public institution violates the provisions of the worker representative assembly system or other democratic management systems, the trade union of the said unit shall have the right to put forward its views and ensure that the workers' rights to democratic management are implemented pursuant to the law.
工会可以派出代表对所属工会组织所在的企业、事业单位、机关就侵犯职工合法权益的问题进行调查，有关单位应当予以协助。
A trade union may appoint a representative to investigate problems in relation to infringements of the legal rights and interests of workers of the said enterprise or public institution within which it has been established and the said unit shall be obliged to provide the necessary assistance.
第十七条 企业、事业单位违反劳动法律、法规，侵犯职工合法权益，工会有权要求企业、事业单位行政方面或者有关部门认真处理。
Article 17 If an enterprise or public institution violates labour laws or statutory regulations, thereby infringing on the legal rights and interests of workers, the trade union shall have the right to request that the said enterprise or public institution's administrative authority or other relevant departments deal with the matter seriously.
企业、事业单位违反国家有关劳动（工作）时间的规定，工会有权要求企业、事业单位行政方面予以纠正。
If an enterprise or public institution violates State provisions on labour (work) hours, the trade union shall have the right to request that the said enterprise or public institution's administrative authority rectifies the matter.
企业、事业单位违反保护女职工特殊权益的法律、法规，工会及其女职工组织有权要求企业、事业单位行政方面予以纠正。
If an enterprise or public institution violates a law or statutory regulation safeguarding the special rights and interests of women employees, the trade union and its female employee organization shall have the right to request that the said enterprise or public institution's administrative authority rectifies the matter.
第十八条 工会帮助、指导职工与企业、事业单位行政方面签订劳动合同。
Article 18 A trade union shall assist and provide guidance to workers signing labour contracts with the enterprise or public institution's administrative authority.
工会可以代表职工与企业、事业单位行政方面签订集体合同。集体合同草案应当提交职工代表大会或者全体职工讨论通过。
A trade union may represent workers in signing a collective contract with an enterprise or public institution's administrative authority. The draft of a collective contract shall be submitted to a meeting of employee representatives or the complete body of employees for discussion and adoption.
第十九条 企业辞退、处分职工，工会认为不适当的，有权提出意见。
Article 19 A trade union which believes that an enterprise's dismissal or penalizing of an employee is inappropriate shall have the right to put forward its views on the matter.
全民所有制和集体所有制企业在做出开除、除名职工的决定时，应当事先将理由通知工会，如果企业行政方面违反法律、法规和有关合同，工会有权要求重新研究处理。
When making a decision to dismiss or remove an employee's name from its books, an enterprise owned by the whole people or a collectively owned enterprise shall first notify the trade union of its reasons for such a decision. If the enterprise's administrative authority is found to have violated the provisions of the law, statutory regulations or the relevant contract, the trade union shall have the right to request that the cases be reinvestigated and dealt with anew.
当事人对企业行政方面作出的辞退、开除、除名的处理不服的，可以要求依照国家有关处理劳动争议的规定办理。
A party disagreeing with the penalty decision of an enterprise's administrative authority to dismiss or remove the said party's name from its books may request that the case be dealt with in accordance with relevant State provisions on the handling of labour disputes.
第二十条 工会参加企业的劳动争议调解工作。
Article 20 A trade union shall participate in mediation work conducted in relation to labour disputes within its enterprise.
地方劳动争议仲裁组织应当有同级工会代表参加。
Equivalent level trade union representatives shall participate in district labour dispute arbitration organizations.
第二十一条 企业侵犯职工劳动权益的，工会可以提出意见调解处理；职工向人民法院起诉的，工会应当给予支持和帮助。
Article 21 If an enterprise infringes on the work rights or interests of an employee, the trade union may put forward its views on mediation and handling of the matter. If an employee initiates legal proceedings with a people's court, the trade union shall give its support and assistance.
第二十二条 县级以上各级总工会可以为所属工会和职工提供法律咨询服务。
Article 22 Trade union federations at county level or above may provide legal consultancy services to affiliated trade unions and workers.
第二十三条 工会依照国家规定对新建、扩建企业和技术改造工程中的劳动条件和安全卫生设施有权提出意见，企业或者主管部门应当认真处理。
Article 23 A trade union shall, pursuant to State regulations, have the right to put forward views on work conditions and safety and hygiene facilities for a newly constructed or expanded enterprise or one undergoing technological transformation, and the said enterprise or its department in charge shall conscientiously endeavour to meet such requirements.
第二十四条 工会发现企业行政方面违章指挥、强令工人冒险作业，或者生产过程中发现明显重大事故隐患和职业危害，有权提出解决的建议；当发现危及职工生命安全的情况时，有权向企业行政方面建议组织职工撤离危险现场，企业行政方面必须及时作出处理决定。
Article 24 If a trade union discovers that an enterprise's administrative authority is breaking rules and regulations by directing or forcing workers to undertake risks or if distinct and significant hidden dangers or occupational hazards are discovered during the production process, the trade union shall have the right to suggest a resolution. On discovering a situation where the personal safety of workers is jeopardized, a trade union shall have the right to suggest to the enterprise's administrative authority that the workers abandon the dangerous site and the said administrative authority must decide promptly on measures to resolve the matter.
工会有权参加伤亡事故和其他严重危害职工健康问题的调查，向有关部门提出处理意见，并有权要求追究直接负责的行政领导人和有关责任人员的责任。
A trade union shall have the right to participate in investigations into an accident resulting in a fatality or injury or other problems seriously endangering the health of workers. It may suggest resolutions to the relevant authorities, as well as have the right to require the pursuit of the liability of the administrative leaders directly responsible and other responsible parties.
第二十五条 企业发生停工、怠工事件，工会应当会同企业行政方面或者有关方面，协商解决职工提出的可以解决的合理的要求，尽快恢复正常生产秩序。
Article 25 If an enterprise is subject to stop work or slow down measures, the trade union shall, in conjunction with the enterprise's administrative authority or other relevant authorities, negotiate a resolution of demands raised by the workers which are found to be reasonable and able to be resolved so as to enable the normal production process to be resumed as quickly as possible.
第二十六条 工会协助企业、事业单位、机关行政方面办好职工集体福利事业，做好工资、劳动保护和劳动保险工作。
Article 26 Trade unions shall assist the administrative authorities of enterprises, public institutions and government organs to organize employee collective welfare matters and wage, labour protection and labour insurance work.
第二十七条 工会会同行政方面组织职工开展业余文化、技术学习和职工培训，提高职工的文化、业务素质；组织职工开展文娱、体育活动。
Article 27 Trade unions shall, in conjunction with administrative authorities, organize employees to undertake after-hours cultural and technical studies and occupational training so as to improve the cultural and occupational quality of the workers, as well as organize them to develop recreational and sports activities.
第二十八条 县级以上各级人民政府制定国民经济和社会发展计划，省、自治区的人民政府所在地的市和经国务院批准的较大的市以上的人民政府研究起草法律或者法规、规章，对涉及职工利益的重大问题，应当听取同级工会的意见。
Article 28 The views of trade unions shall be listened to when national economic and social development plans formulated by the various levels of people's governments at county level or above and draft laws and statutory rules and regulations researched by municipalities under provincial and autonomous region people's governments and people's governments of relatively large municipalities approved by the State Council involve important issues relating to the rights and interests of workers.
县级以上各级人民政府及其有关部门在研究制定工资、物价、安全生产以及劳动保护、劳动保险等重大政策、措施时，应当吸收同级工会参加研究，听取工会意见。
When the various levels of people's governments at county level or above and their relevant authorities formulate important policies or measures on wages, commodity pricing, production safety, labour protection, labour insurance, etc, equivalent level trade unions shall be recruited to participate in the research work and the views of the said trade unions shall be heeded.
第二十九条 县级以上地方各级人民政府可以采取适当方式，向同级工会通报政府的重要的工作部署和与工会工作有关的行政措施，研究解决工会反映的职工群众的意见和要求。
Article 29 The various levels of people's governments at county level or above may adopt appropriate methods to report the respective government's important work plans and administrative measures relating to trade union work to their equivalent level trade unions and shall study and determine ways of handling the suggestions and requests of the working masses as reflected through the trade unions.
第四章 基层工会组织
CHAPTER IV PRIMARY TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS
第三十条 全民所有制企业职工代表大会是企业实行民主管理的基本形式，是职工行使民主管理权力的机构，依照《中华人民共和国全民所有制工业企业法》的规定行使职权。
Article 30 The representative assembly of the workers of an enterprise owned by the whole people shall be the primary structure through which the enterprise executes democratic management as it is the body through which the workers may exercise their rights to democratic management in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Industrial Enterprises Owned by the Whole People.
全民所有制企业的工会委员会是职工代表大会的工作机构，负责职工代表大会的日常工作，检查、督促职工代表大会决议的执行。
The trade union committee of an enterprise owned by the whole people shall be the working body of the workers representative assembly and shall be responsible for the daily affairs of the representative assembly and for inspecting and supervising the implementation of resolutions of the representative assembly.
第三十一条 集体所有制企业的工会委员会应当支持和组织职工参加民主管理和民主监督，维护职工选举和罢免管理人员、决定经营管理的重大问题的权力。
Article 31 The trade union committee of a collectively owned enterprise shall support and organize workers' participation in democratic management and democratic supervision and shall safeguard the rights of workers to elect and dismiss administrative personnel and to determine important issues relating to operational management.
第三十二条 全民所有制企业的管理委员会应当有工会代表参加。
Article 32 Trade union representatives shall participate in the management committee of an enterprise owned by the whole people.
全民所有制企业召开讨论有关工资、福利、安全生产以及劳动保护、劳动保险等涉及职工切身利益的会议，应当有工会代表参加。
Trade union representatives shall participate in meetings convened by an enterprise owned by the whole people to discuss matters, such as wages, welfare, production safety, labour protection and labour insurance, which involve the personal rights and interests of workers.
全民所有制企业厂长（经理）应当支持工会依法开展工作，工会应当支持厂长（经理）依法行使职权。
The factory head (manager) of an enterprise owned by the whole people shall support the trade union in carrying out its work pursuant to the law and the trade union shall support the factory head (manager) in performing his powers of office pursuant to the law.
第三十三条 中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业研究决定有关工资、福利、安全生产以及劳动保护、劳动保险等涉及职工切身利益的问题，应当听取工会的意见。
Article 33 A Sino-foreign joint equity enterprise or Sino-foreign cooperative enterprise researching and making decisions on matters, such as wages, welfare, production safety, labour protection and labour insurance, which involve the personal rights and interests of workers shall heed the views of its trade union.
外资企业的工会可以对有关职工的工资、福利、安全生产以及劳动保护、劳动保险等事项提出建议，同企业行政方面协商处理。
The trade union of a sole foreign investment enterprise may put forward suggestions on matters, such as wages, welfare, production safety, labour protection and labour insurance, which involve the personal rights and interests of its workers and shall negotiate and resolve such matters in conjunction with the enterprise's administrative authority.
第三十四条 基层工会委员会召开会议或者组织职工活动，应当在生产或者工作时间以外进行，需要占用生产或者工作时间的，应当事先征得行政方面的同意。
Article 34 A primary trade union committee convening a meeting or organizing activities for workers shall do so in time outside production or work hours. If it is necessary to occupy production or work hours, prior approval from the administrative authority shall be required.
全民所有制和集体所有制企业工会不脱产的委员因参加会议或者工会组织的活动，占用生产或者工作时间，其工资照发，其他待遇不受影响。
If a trade union committee member of an enterprise owned by the whole people or a collectively owned enterprise who has not been released from regular work duties uses production or work hours to participate in a union meeting or other activities organized by the trade union, the member's wages shall be issued as usual and other benefits shall not be affected.
第三十五条 全民所有制和集体所有制企业事业单位以及机关工会委员会的脱产专职工作人员的工资、奖励、补贴，由所在单位行政支付。劳动保险和其他福利待遇等，享受本单位职工同等待遇。
Article 35 Trade union committee members of an enterprise or public institution owned by the whole people, a collectively owned enterprise or public institution or government organ who are released from regular work duties to act as full-time union personnel shall have their wages, awards and bonuses paid by the said unit's administrative authority. With regard to labour insurance and other welfare benefits, the same treatment shall apply as received by the said unit's workers.
第五章 工会的经费和财产
CHAPTER V TRADE UNION FUNDS AND ASSETS
第三十六条 工会经费的来源：
Article 36 The sources of trade union funds shall be as follows:
（一）工会会员缴纳的会费；
(1) membership dues paid by union members;
（二）建立工会组织的全民所有制和集体所有制企业事业单位、机关按每月全部职工工资总额的百分之二向工会拨交的经费；
(2) monthly allocations of 2% of the total wages of all of its employees paid to a trade union as funds by the enterprise or public institution owned by the whole people, collectively owned enterprise or public institution or government organ which established the said trade union organization;
（三）工会所属的企业、事业单位上缴的收入；
(3) income handed over by enterprises and public institutions subordinate to the trade union;
（四）人民政府的补助；
(4) people's government subsidies;
（五）其他收入。
(5) other income.
建立工会组织的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业、外资企业依照国家有关规定向本企业工会拨交经费。
A Sino-foreign joint equity enterprise, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprise or sole foreign investment enterprise establishing a trade union organization shall allocate funds to the said trade union pursuant to relevant State regulations.
工会经费主要用于基层职工的教育和工会开展的其他活动。经费使用的具体办法由中华全国总工会制定。
Trade union funds shall be used primarily to educate workers at the grass-roots level and for the union to arrange other activities. Detailed measures on the use of such funds shall be formulated by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.
第三十七条 工会应当根据经费独立原则，建立预算、决算和经费审查监督制度。
Article 37 A trade union shall work out its own budget and final accounts, as well as its own fund inspection and supervisory systems in accordance with the principle of independent accounting.
各级工会建立经费审查委员会。
All of the various levels of trade unions shall establish fund inspection committees.
各级工会经费收支情况应当由同级工会经费审查委员会审查，并且定期向会员大会或者会员代表大会报告，接受监督。工会会员大会或者会员代表大会有权对经费使用情况提出意见。
The fund income and expenditure situation of trade unions at the various levels shall be investigated by equivalent level fund inspection committees and periodic reports shall be made to the members' general assemblies or representative assemblies and be subject to supervision. A trade union general assembly or representative assembly shall have the right to put forward suggestions on the use of trade union funds.
第三十八条 各级人民政府和企业、事业单位、机关应当为工会办公和开展活动，提供必要的设施和活动场所等物质条件。
Article 38 People's governments at the various levels and enterprises, public institutions and government organs shall provide the necessary facilities, venues and other material requirements of trade union organizations handling office matters and arranging union activities.
第三十九条 工会的财产、经费和国家拨给工会使用的不动产，任何组织和个人不得侵占、挪用和任意调拨。
Article 39 No organization or individual may occupy, misappropriate or arbitrarily allocate a trade union's assets, funds or immovable property allocated by the State for use by the trade union.
第四十条 工会所属的为职工服务的企业、事业单位，其隶属关系不得随意改变。
Article 40 The jurisdictional framework of those enterprises and public institutions servicing workers which are subordinate to trade unions shall not be altered arbitrarily.
第四十一条 县级以上各级工会的离休、退休人员的待遇，与国家机关工作人员同等对待。
Article 41 Persons retiring from positions with trade unions at county level or above shall receive the same benefits as persons working for State organs.
第六章 附 则
CHAPTER VI SUPPLEMENTARY PRINCIPLES
第四十二条 本法自公布之日起施行。１９５０年６月２９日中央人民政府颁布的《中华人民共和国工会法》同时废止。
Article 42 This Law shall take effect from the date of promulgation. The Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China, issued 29 June 1950 by the People's Central Government, shall be annulled simultaneously.
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