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中华人民共和国草原法
Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China
第一条 为了加强草原的保护、管理、建设和合理利用，保护和改善生态环境，发展现代化畜牧业，促进民族自治地方经济的繁荣，适应社会主义建设和人民生活的需要，根据中华人民共和国宪法，制定本法。
Article 1. This Law is formulated in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China with a view to improving the protection, management and development of grasslands and ensuring their rational use; protecting and improving the ecological environment; modernizing animal husbandry; enhancing the prosperity of the local economies of the national autonomous areas; and meeting the needs of socialist construction and the people's life.
第二条 本法适用于我国境内的一切草原，包括草山、草地。
Article 2. This Law shall be applicable to all grasslands within the territory of China, including hills and lands covered with grass.
第三条 国务院农牧业部门主管全国的草原管理工作，县级以上地方人民政府农牧业部门主管本行政区域内的草原管理工作。
Article 3. The department of farming and animal husbandry under the State Council shall be in charge of administration concerning the grasslands in the whole country. The departments of farming and animal husbandry of the local people's governments at the county level and above shall be in charge of administration concerning the grasslands in their respective administrative areas.
第四条 草原属于国家所有，即全民所有，由法律规定属于集体所有的草原除外。
Article 4. The grasslands are owned by the state, that is, by the whole people, with the exception of the grasslands that are owned by collectives in accordance with the law.
全民所有的草原，可以固定给集体长期使用。全民所有的草原、集体所有的草原和集体长期固定使用的全民所有的草原，可以由集体或者个人承包从事畜牧业生产。
Grasslands under ownership by the whole people may be assigned to collectives for long-term use. Grasslands under ownership by the whole people, those under collective ownership, and those under ownership by the whole people that are assigned to collectives for long-term use may be contracted by collectives or individuals for pursuits in animal husbandry.
全民所有制单位使用的草原，由县级以上地方人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认使用权。集体所有的草原和集体长期固定使用的全民所有的草原，由县级人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认所有权或者使用权。
With respect to grasslands used by units under ownership by the whole people, the local people's governments at the county level or above shall register such grasslands, issue certificates to the said units after verification and thus establish their right to use such grasslands. With respect to grasslands under collective ownership and those under ownership by the whole people that are assigned to collectives for long-term use, the local people's governments at the county level shall register such grasslands, issue certificates to the collectives after verification and thus establish their right of ownership of the grasslands or their right to use them.
草原的所有权和使用权受法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。
The right to own or use grasslands shall be protected by law and may not be infringed upon by any unit or individual.
第五条 遇有自然灾害等特殊情况，需要临时调剂使用草原的，按照自愿、互利的原则，由双方协商解决；需要跨县临时调剂使用草原的，由有关县级人民政府组织协商解决。
Article 5. If there is a need for temporary adjustments in the use of grasslands under special circumstances, such as in the event of natural disasters, the matter shall be settled by the parties concerned through negotiation on the principles of voluntariness and mutual benefit. Where there is a need for temporary adjustments in the use of grasslands that cross the borders of different counties, the county people's governments concerned shall sponsor negotiations for the settlement of the matter.
第六条 草原所有权和使用权的争议，由当事人本着互谅互让、有利团结的精神协商解决；协商不成的，由人民政府处理。
Article 6. Disputes over the right of ownership of grasslands or the right to use them shall be settled by the parties concerned through negotiation on the principle of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation in the interest of unity. If no agreement can be reached through such negotiation, the disputes shall be handled by the people's governments.
全民所有制单位之间、集体所有制单位之间以及全民所有制单位与集体所有制单位之间的草原所有权和使用权的争议，由县级以上人民政府处理。
Disputes over the right of ownership of grasslands or the right to use them that arise between units under ownership by the whole people, between units under collective ownership or between units under ownership by the whole people and those under collective ownership shall be handled by the people's governments at the county level or above.
个人之间、个人与全民所有制单位或者集体所有制单位之间的草原使用权的争议，由乡级或者县级人民政府处理。
Disputes over the right to use grasslands that arise between individuals, between individuals and units under ownership by the whole people or between individuals and units under collective ownership shall be handled by the people's governments at the township or county level.
当事人对有关人民政府的处理决定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起一个月内，向人民法院起诉。
If the parties concerned disagree with the decision made by the people's government, they may file a suit in a people's court within one month after they have been informed of the decision.
在草原权属争议解决以前，任何一方不得破坏草原和草原上的设施。
Pending the settlement of a dispute, none of the parties concerned may destroy the resources of the grasslands in question or the facilities therein.
第七条 国家建设征用集体所有的草原，按照《国家建设征用土地条例》的规定办理。
Article 7. When grasslands owned by collectives are to be requisitioned for state construction the matter shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations Concerning Land Requisition for State Construction.
国家建设使用集体长期固定使用的全民所有的草原，参照《国家建设征用土地条例》的规定，给予适当补偿，并妥善安置牧民的生产和生活。
If grasslands under ownership by the whole people that are assigned to collectives for long-term use are to be used for state construction, due compensation shall be paid to the collectives concerned and proper arrangements made for the productive pursuits and livelihood of herdsmen with reference to the provisions of the Regulations Concerning Land Requisition for State Construction.
国家建设在民族自治地方征用或者使用草原，应当照顾民族自治地方的利益，作出有利于民族自治地方经济建设的安排。
If grasslands in national autonomous areas are to be requisitioned or used for state construction, due consideration shall be given to the interests of the national autonomous areas and arrangements made in favour of the economic development of those areas.
国家建设临时使用草原，按照《国家建设征用土地条例》的规定办理。使用期满，用地单位应当恢复草原植被。
The temporary use of grasslands for state construction shall be effected in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations Concerning Land Requisition for State Construction. When the period of use expires, the unit that has used the grasslands shall restore the grassland vegetation.
第八条 地方各级人民政府负责组织本行政区域内的草原资源普查，制定草原畜牧业发展规划并纳入国民经济发展计划，加强草原的保护、建设和合理利用，提高草原的载畜能力。
Article 8. The local people's governments at various levels shall be responsible for conducting general surveys of grassland resources within their respective administrative areas and formulating plans for the development of animal husbandry, which shall be incorporated into the plans for national economic development, in order to improve the protection of the grasslands, promote their development and ensure their rational use, and increase the capacity for raising livestock on the grasslands.
第九条 国家鼓励草原畜牧业科学研究，提高草原畜牧业的科学技术水平。
Article 9. The state shall encourage scientific research in animal husbandry on the grasslands in order to raise the scientific and technological level in this field of endeavour.
国家鼓励在农、林、牧区和城镇种草，促进畜牧业的发展，改善生态环境。
The state shall encourage the growing of grass in farming, forestry and pastoral areas and in cities and towns so as to promote the development of animal husbandry and improve the ecological environment.
国家保护草原的生态环境，防治污染。
The state shall protect the ecological environment of the grasslands, to prevent and control pollution.
第十条 严格保护草原植被，禁止开垦和破坏。草原使用者进行少量开垦，必须经县级以上地方人民政府批准。已经开垦并造成草原沙化或者严重水土流失的，县级以上地方人民政府应当限期封闭，责令恢复植被，退耕还牧。
Article 10. Rigorous measures shall be adopted to protect the vegetation of the grasslands; land reclamation and destruction of grasslands shall be prohibited. Reclamation of limited stretches of grassland by users of such land must be approved by the local people's governments at the county level or above. Where land reclamation has already caused aridity or serious soil erosion, the local people's governments at the county level or above shall close the area for a limited time and order the reclaimers to restore the vegetation and defer farming for a return to animal husbandry.
第十一条 在草原上割灌木、挖药材、挖野生植物、刮碱土、拉肥土等，必须经草原使用者同意，报乡级或者县级人民政府批准，在指定的范围内进行，并做到随挖随填，保留一部分植物的母株。
Article 11. Persons who wish to cut shrubs, dig medicinal herbs or wild plants on the grasslands, scrape alkaline earth off the grasslands or move away fertile soil must secure the agreement of the users of the grasslands and the approval of the people's governments at the township or county level; they must operate within the designated areas, fill the holes in the ground immediately after digging and keep part of the mother plants intact.
禁止在荒漠草原、半荒漠草原和沙化地区砍挖灌木、药材及其他固沙植物。未经县级人民政府批准，不得采集草原上的珍稀野生植物。
Cutting or digging shrubs, medicinal herbs or other sand-fixation plants on desert or semi-desert grasslands or in arid areas shall be prohibited. No one may collect rare and precious wild plants from the grasslands without the approval of a people's government at the county level.
第十二条 合理使用草原，防止过量放牧。因过量放牧造成草原沙化、退化、水土流失的，草原使用者应当调整放牧强度，补种牧草，恢复植被。对已经建成的人工草场应当加强管理，合理经营，科学利用，防止退化。
Article 12. Grasslands shall be used rationally and overgrazing prevented. Where aridity, degeneration or soil erosion occurs as a result of overgrazing, users of the grasslands shall be required to reduce grazing and resow forage grass so as to restore vegetation. Where man-made grasslands have already been established, extra control shall be administered; they shall be rationally managed and used in a scientific way, so as to prevent degeneration.
第十三条 地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，防治草原鼠虫害，保护捕食鼠虫的益鸟益兽。
Article 13. The local people's governments at various levels shall take measures to combat grassland pests and mice and protect those beneficial animals and birds that feed on pests and mice.
第十四条 地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，防治草原地区牲畜疫病和人畜共患疾病。
Article 14. The local people's governments at various levels shall take measures to prevent and treat endemic diseases among livestock and diseases contracted commonly by both human beings and livestock in grassland areas.
猎捕草原野生动物，应当严格遵守当地人民政府关于预防疫病流行的有关规定。
Hunters of wild animals on the grasslands shall be required to observe strictly the regulations of the local people's governments concerning the prevention of epidemic diseases.
第十五条 机动车辆在草原上行驶，应当注意保护草原；有固定公路线的，不得离开固定的公路线行驶。
Article 15. Motor vehicle drivers shall take care to protect the grasslands when driving across them. Where there are regular highways, vehicles may not deviate from them.
收购牲畜应当按指定的路线赶运和放牧，不得与牧民争用牧场和水源。
Purchasers of domestic animals shall drive and graze them along designated routes and may not contend with herdsmen over grazing grounds or water resources.
第十六条 加强草原防火工作，贯彻“预防为主，防消结合”的方针，建立防火责任制，制定草原防火制度和公约，规定草原防火期。在草原防火期间，应当采取安全措施，严格管理。发生草原火灾，应当迅速组织群众扑灭，查明火灾原因和损失情况，及时处理。
Article 16. Efforts shall be strengthened to prevent fires on the grasslands, implementing the principle of " put prevention first and combine prevention with elimination." A responsibility system for fire prevention shall be instituted. Fire prevention rules and pledges shall be formulated and specific periods shall be designated for fire prevention on the grasslands. During those periods, safety measures shall be adopted and rigorously administered. When a grassland fire breaks out, masses of people should be organized promptly to put it out, the cause of the fire and the losses sustained should be determined through investigation and the case should be handled without delay.
第十七条 在保护、管理和建设草原、发展草原畜牧业等方面成绩显著的单位或者个人，由各级人民政府给予精神的或者物质的奖励。
Article 17. Units or individuals that have achieved outstanding success in protecting, managing and developing the grasslands or in developing animal husbandry on the grasslands shall be given commendation or material awards by the local people's governments at various levels.
第十八条 草原所有权、使用权受到侵犯的，被侵权人可以请求县级以上地方人民政府农牧业部门处理。有关农牧业部门有权责令侵权人停止侵权行为，赔偿损失。被侵权人也可以直接向人民法院起诉。
Article 18. When a person's right of ownership of grasslands or his right to use them has been infringed upon, he may apply for settlement to the farming and animal husbandry department of the local people's government at the county level or above. The farming and animal husbandry department concerned shall have the power to order the infringing party to stop such infringement and compensate for the losses sustained by the victim. The victim may also directly file a suit in a people's court.
第十九条 违反本法规定开垦草原的，县级以上地方人民政府农牧业部门有权责令停止开垦，恢复植被；情节严重的，还可以处以罚款。
Article 19. The farming and animal husbandry departments of the local people's governments at the county level or above shall have the power to order anyone who reclaims grassland in violation of the provisions of this Law to stop reclaiming it and restore vegetation; a fine may be imposed in serious cases.
第二十条 违反本法规定在草原上砍挖固沙植物和其他野生植物或者采土，致使草原植被遭受破坏的，乡级人民政府或者县级人民政府农牧业部门有权制止，并责令恢复植被，赔偿损失；情节严重的，还可以处以罚款。
Article 20. If anyone damages the vegetation of the grasslands by cutting or digging sand-fixation plants or other wild plants or by moving away soil in violation of the provisions of this Law, the people's governments at the township level and the farming and animal husbandry departments of the people's governments at the county level shall have the power to stop him and order him to restore the vegetation and compensate for the losses. A fine may be imposed in serious cases.
第二十一条 当事人对有关地方人民政府农牧业部门或者乡级人民政府作出的罚款或者赔偿损失的决定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起一个月内，向人民法院起诉；对有关罚款的决定，期满不起诉又不履行的，有关地方人民政府农牧业部门或者乡级人民政府可以申请人民法院强制执行。
Article 21. If a party concerned disagrees with the decision on a fine or compensation as made by the relevant farming and animal husbandry department of a local people's government or by a people's government at the township level, it may file a suit in a people's court within one month of being informed of the decision. If upon the expiration of the period a party concerned has neither filed a suit nor obeyed the decision by paying the fine, the relevant farming and animal husbandry department of the local people's government or the people's government at the township level may request the people's court for compulsory execution.
第二十二条 国务院农牧业部门根据本法制定实施细则，报国务院批准后施行。
Article 22. The farming and animal husbandry department under the State Council shall, in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation and shall submit them to the State Council for approval before they are put into effect.
自治区、省的人民代表大会常务委员会可以根据宪法和本法规定的原则，结合本地方的特点，制定实施细则，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
The standing committees of the people's congresses of autonomous regions and provinces may formulate rules for the implementation of this Law in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the principles laid down in this Law and in the light of the characteristics of their respective localities, and they shall submit the rules to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
第二十三条 本法自１９８５年１０月１日起施行。
Article 23. This Law shall come into force as of October 1, 1985.
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